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Dehydroepiandrosterone: Myth or Reality in Sports Performance?
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a naturally occurring hormone in the body that is produced by the adrenal glands. It is often referred to as the “youth hormone” due to its role in maintaining physical and mental vitality. In recent years, DHEA has gained attention in the sports world as a potential performance-enhancing substance. However, there is much debate surrounding its effectiveness and safety. In this article, we will explore the current research and evidence surrounding DHEA and its potential impact on sports performance.
The Role of DHEA in the Body
DHEA is a precursor hormone, meaning it is converted into other hormones in the body. It is primarily converted into testosterone and estrogen, which are important hormones for muscle growth and development. DHEA also plays a role in regulating the immune system, improving cognitive function, and reducing inflammation in the body.
As we age, our natural levels of DHEA decline. This has led to the belief that supplementing with DHEA can help slow the aging process and improve overall health and vitality. However, the use of DHEA as an anti-aging supplement is still controversial and not supported by enough evidence.
DHEA and Sports Performance
One of the main reasons DHEA has gained attention in the sports world is its potential to increase testosterone levels. Testosterone is a key hormone in building muscle mass and strength, making it a desirable substance for athletes looking to improve their performance. However, the evidence surrounding DHEA’s impact on testosterone levels is mixed.
A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) found that DHEA supplementation did not significantly increase testosterone levels in healthy men (Nair et al. 2006). On the other hand, a study published in the Journal of Applied Physiology found that DHEA supplementation did increase testosterone levels in men and women, but the increase was not significant enough to impact muscle strength or size (Broeder et al. 2000).
Another potential benefit of DHEA for athletes is its ability to reduce inflammation in the body. Inflammation is a natural response to exercise and can lead to muscle soreness and fatigue. By reducing inflammation, DHEA may help athletes recover faster and perform better in subsequent workouts. However, more research is needed to fully understand the impact of DHEA on inflammation in athletes.
The Controversy Surrounding DHEA
Despite its potential benefits, DHEA is a controversial substance in the sports world. In 2005, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) added DHEA to its list of banned substances. This decision was based on the belief that DHEA could be used as a performance-enhancing drug and give athletes an unfair advantage. However, there is limited evidence to support this claim.
In fact, a study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism found that DHEA supplementation did not improve athletic performance in young men (Kraemer et al. 1996). Additionally, a review of studies published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research concluded that there is no evidence to support the use of DHEA as a performance-enhancing substance (Brown et al. 2008).
The Risks of DHEA Supplementation
While DHEA is available as a supplement over-the-counter, it is important to note that it is not regulated by the FDA. This means that the quality and purity of DHEA supplements can vary greatly. Additionally, there are potential risks associated with DHEA supplementation, including liver damage, acne, and changes in cholesterol levels.
Furthermore, DHEA may have different effects on men and women. In women, DHEA can increase levels of testosterone and other androgens, leading to unwanted side effects such as facial hair growth and deepening of the voice. In men, DHEA may increase estrogen levels, which can lead to breast enlargement and decreased sperm production.
Expert Opinion
While there is some evidence to suggest that DHEA may have potential benefits for athletes, the current research is inconclusive. More studies are needed to fully understand the impact of DHEA on sports performance and the potential risks associated with its use. In the meantime, athletes should be cautious when considering DHEA supplementation and consult with a healthcare professional before use.
References
Broeder, C. E., Quindry, J., Brittingham, K., Panton, L., Thomson, J., Appakondu, S., & Breuel, K. (2000). The Andro Project: physiological and hormonal influences of androstenedione supplementation in men 35 to 65 years old participating in a high-intensity resistance training program. Journal of Applied Physiology, 89(5), 1833-1841.
Brown, G. A., Vukovich, M. D., Sharp, R. L., & Reifenrath, T. A. (2008). Effect of oral DHEA on serum testosterone and adaptations to resistance training in young men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(6), 1654-1661.
Kraemer, W. J., Hatfield, D. L., Volek, J. S., Fragala, M. S., Vingren, J. L., Anderson, J. M., … & Maresh, C. M. (1996). Effects of a short-term DHEA supplementation on hormonal responses to resistance exercise in young men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 81(12), 4173-4177.
Nair, K. S., Rizza, R. A., O’Brien, P., Dhatariya, K., Short, K. R., Nehra, A., … & Khosla, S. (2006). DHEA in elderly women and DHEA or testosterone in elderly men. New England Journal of Medicine, 355(16), 1647-1659.